One who studies seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal, radiometric, and/or magnetic phenomena to investigate geological phenomena, such as structure and composition of the Earth, forces causing movement and warping of surface, origin and activity of glaciers and volcanoes, and the location and cause of earthquakes; charts ocean currents and tides; takes measurements concerning shape and movements of Earth, and acoustic, optical, and electrical phenomena in the atmosphere; and locates petroleum and mineral deposits.